In this pool photograph distributed by the Russian state agency Sputnik, Russia's President Vladimir Putin speaks at a SCO+ format meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Bishkek on September 1, 2026. (Photo by Vyacheslav PROKOFYEV / POOL / AFP via Getty Images)

In this pool photograph distributed by the Russian state agency Sputnik, Belarus' President Alexander Lukashenko speaks at a SCO+ format meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Bishkek on September 1, 2026. (Photo by Vyacheslav PROKOFYEV / POOL / AFP via Getty Images)

In this pool photograph distributed by the Russian state agency Sputnik, Russia's President Vladimir Putin attends a SCO+ format meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Bishkek on September 1, 2026. (Photo by Peter KOVALEV / POOL / AFP via Getty Images)

In this pool photograph distributed by the Russian state agency Sputnik, China's President Xi Jinping attends a SCO+ format meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Bishkek on September 1, 2026. (Photo by Peter KOVALEV / POOL / AFP via Getty Images)

In this pool photograph distributed by the Russian state agency Sputnik, Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan attends a SCO+ format meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Bishkek on September 1, 2026. (Photo by Peter KOVALEV / POOL / AFP via Getty Images)

In this pool photograph distributed by the Russian state agency Sputnik, Russia's President Vladimir Putin attends a SCO+ format meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Bishkek on September 1, 2026. (Photo by Peter KOVALEV / POOL / AFP via Getty Images)

In this pool photograph distributed by the Russian state agency Sputnik, Russia's President Vladimir Putin attends a SCO+ format meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Bishkek on September 1, 2026. (Photo by Peter KOVALEV / POOL / AFP via Getty Images)

In this pool photograph distributed by the Russian state agency Sputnik, United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres arrives for a SCO+ format meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Bishkek on September 1, 2026. (Photo by Vyacheslav PROKOFYEV / POOL / AFP via Getty Images)